Refrigerating-machine.



G. P. CARROLL.

REFRIGERATING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED APR. 1, I908.

Patented Mar. 20, 1917.

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G. P CARROLL.

REFRIGERATING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED APR 1| 190B- Patented Mar. 20, 1917.

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REFRIGERATING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED APR.1,1908. 1,21 9,533. Patented Mar. 20, 1917.

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Patented Mar. 20, 1917.

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- APPLICATION FILED APR. 1. 190B. 1,21 9,533.

Patented Mar. 20, 1917.

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G. P. CARROLL. REFRIGERATING MACHINE.

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APPLICATION FILED APR. 11 1908- 1,219,533.

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G. P. CARROLL.

REFRIGERATING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED APR-1,1908.

Patented Mar. 20, 1917.

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APPLICATION FILED APR.1,1908. 1,21 9,533. Patented Mar. 20, 1917.

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REFRIGERATING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED APR. 1. 1908.

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REFRIGERATING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED APR. 1. 190a.

Patented Mar. 20,1917.

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REFRIGERATING MACHINE.

1,219,533 *APiiLICATION FILED APR.1, I908. Patented Mar. 20

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REFRIGERATING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED APR. 1, 1908.

Patented Mar. 20, 1917.

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WITNESSES GEORGE P. CARROLL, OF BRIDGEPORT, CONNECTICUT.

REFRIGERATING-MACHINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Mar. 20, 1917.

Application filed April 1, 1908. Serial No. 424,517.

To all whom it may concern lie it. known that I. Gsonon I. CARROLL, acitizen of the United States, residing at Bridgeport, in the county ofFairfield and State. of Connecticut. have invented a new and usefulltcfrigerating-h'lachille, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to improvements in refrigerating machines,especially of the intermittent absorption type, and is intended to soimprovesuch machines that they will be automatic and economical ofoperation, especially when of small capacity and when used in connectionwith domestic refrigerators, soda water fountains and similar structureswhere refrigeration, with or without ice making, is desired and theattendance of an engineer is impracticable. The means employed foraccomplishing these endsare disclosed in the accompanying drawings andin the description relating thereto. There are also certain detailimprovements of con struction as will also so appear. As in allrefrigerating machines of the absorption type, the machine isconstructed to contain and use one substance as a refrigerant andanother substance as an absorbent of the refrigerant. \Vhile othermaterials may be used, I prefer to employ ammonia as the refrigerant andwater as the absorbent; and. as these substances are most commonly usedin absorption systems. they will be referred to in the description astypical of all.

In the drawings Figure 1 is a diagrammatic view of one form of myinvention showing the operative relations of the various parts. Fig. 2is the front elevation of the main electric, switch and still watervalve therein. Fig. 3 a vertical section through the line 33 of thepreceding figure looking toward the left. Fig. l is a vertical sectionthrough the line 4 'l of Fig. 2 looking toward the right. Fig. 5 is avertical section through the line 55 of Fig. '3 looking toward the left.Fig. 6 is a partial front elevation and partial vertical section of asparkless thermostat. especially adapted for controlling the temperatureof a refrigerator. Fig. 7 is a vertical section through the line 77 ofthe preceding figure looking toward the left. Fig. 8 is an enlargeddetail cross vertical section of the rocker shown at the line 9 9 ofFig. 6 looking from above. Fig. 10 is a plan view and Fig. 11 is a frontelevation of the rocker shown in Fig. 6 in vertical section. Fig. 12 isa partial elevation and a partial vert' :al section of an automaticcircuit breaker through the line 12-42 of Fig. 13 looking toward theleft. Fig. 13 is an elevation and Fig. 1-1 is a plan view of the circuitbreaker of the preceding figure. Fig. 15 is a vertical section of theglass double casing shown in the upper part of Fig. 12. Fig. .16 is avertical section through the line 1616 of the preceding figure look ingtoward the left and from a point of view opposite to that of Fig. 13.Fig. 17 is a vertical section through the line 1717 of Fig. 15 lookingtoward the left. Fig. 18 is a vertical section of an adjustablethermometer thermostat, especially adapted for cutting off the heat froma still, through the line 1S1R of Fig. 20 looking toward the left. Fig.19 is a cross horizontal section through the line 19 19 of the precedingfigure looking from above. Fig. 20 is a front elevation of the structureof the two preceding figures. Fig. 21 is a partial vertical section anda partial front elevation of a sensitive doubly actuated expansionvalve. Fig. 22 is plan view of the structure of the preceding figure.Fig. 23 is a horizontal cross section through the line 2323 of Fig. 21looking upward and including a lever. Fig. 24; is a vertical sectionthrough the line Qt Ql of Fig. 21 looking toward the left. Fig. 25 is ahorizontal cross section through the line 25-25 of Fig. 21 a littleabove the line 23 23, looking upward and excluding said lever. Fig. 26is an alternative construction of part of what is shown in Fig. 1. Fig.27 is a partial front elevation and a partial vertical section of analternative construction of an automatic condenser water valve. Fig. 28is a partial hack elevation and a partial vertical section of the samevalve through the line 28-28 of Fig. 2!.) looking toward the right. Fig.29 is an end elevation of the same valve as seen looking toward theright in Fig. 27, and with the moving parts in a lifted position. Fig.30 is a vertical section of an alternative form of check valve forcontrolling said condenser water valve. Fig. 31 is in part a verticalsection and in part an elevation of the same valve through the line31-31 of the preceding figure looking toward the right. Fig. 32 is afront elevation of the same valve. Fig. 33 is an enlarged detail sideelevation of the contacts seen in Fig. 32 as viewed from the left. Fig.34 is horizontal section through the line 3l3-1 of Fig. 30 looking fromabove. Fig. is a left side elevation of part of a preferred form of myinvention attached to the left side of a small refrigerator. Fig. 36 isa front elevation of the structure of the preceding figure, includingthe .machine, with a vertical half of the refrigerator, partially invertical section. Fig. 37 is a partial front elevation and partialvertical section of the other half of the refrigerator and also a frontelevation of the other part of the machine. Fig. 38 is a right sideelevation of the structure of the preceding figure.

First considering Figs. 1 to 25 inclusive: The machine may be ofindefinitely large capacity; but as it is especially intended for therefrigeration of small compartments, the d a wings and description aremade more appropriate to an ordinary domestic refrigerator. An expansioncoil K is convoluted in the upper compartment of a refrigerator R andhas its inlet and outlet ends project from opposite sides. It isarrangedfor a downward feed so that there is a decline from its ent'anceinto the compartment all the av into a still, to be described. The coilmay refrigerate the air directly or it may cool brinein a tank. Thelatter method permits of a longer shutting down between times oroperation.

The outlet end of the coil emerges from the refrigerator, being providedwith a low pressure gage L outside of the compartment, and leads into anupright cylindrical still casing S, which it traverses centrally andterminates a little above an electric heater 1. The high resistancewires 2 of the heater are doubly wound so as to be non-inductive. Thisconstruction makes it possible to use the heater with an alternating aswell as with a direct current. The resistance wires are placed in ahollow disklike casing and the space between the wires and the thinwalls of the casing is filled with an enamel such as is common for thatpurpose. The heater is placed in the lower part of the still casing; butit is surrounded on all sides by a free space for the aqua ammoniaexcept where the wires leading to and from the resistance wires passthrough a neck 3 inserted through the bottom wall of the still casing.It is to be understood that owing to the strong corrosive effect ofammonia, neither copper nor any of its alloys are to come in contactwith almnonia whether anhydrous or in solution. In fact all the metalwork with which the ammonia comes in contact should be of the samematerial; for with dissimilar metals. chemically gen erated electriccurrents .et up, tending to a dissociation of the ammonia.

Just beyond the gage L is placed a stop valve -1 and just beyond thelatter is placed a check valve 5, for preventing a back fiow from thestill casing. Between the check valve 5 and the still casing is placed aT, from which a short pipe proceeds upward into the outer air, providedwith a charging valve (3. From the top of the still casing a short widepipe 7, provided with a stop valve 3. leads upward into a moistureseparator M. consisting of an analyzer 9-and a rectifier 10 immediatelyabove the analyzer. The analyzer is an inclosed tank provided with anyapproved form of baiile plates 11 arranged transversely to the pathwayof fluid passing upward through the analyzer so as to retard theimpinging heated gas as it ascends, thereby separating from the gas theentrained moisture and allowing it to drain back into the still casing.From the analyzer, leading into the rectifier, is an ascending zigzagpipe 12, inclosed in the rectifier, which may in other details be a tankwith its connections to be described. The parts 10 and 12, with thewater inlet and outlet of the latter, are more commonly designated as adehydrater.

From above the rectifier the pipe 12 leads into a check valve 13, forpreventing a back flow of gas into the pipe. From one side of the checkvalve 13 a short pipe leads to the outer air and is provided With apurge valve 14; and from the other side of the check valve a pipe 15passes above or back of the refrigerator ll to a condenser tank C and isprovided with a stop valve 16 near the check valve and a stop valve 17near the condenser tank. The purge valve 14 is at the top of the gaspipe system. The condenser tank, of narrow diai'neter. contains a pipe18, zigzag ging downward. The lower part of the pipe .18 serves as aliquid ammonia container. A branch pipe 19. provided near its departm'ewith a stop valve 20. leads from the pipe 15 between its valves 16 and17, is connected with a high pressure gage H, and

leads into an automatic condenser wvater valve (llV, as will bedescribed.

From the lower end of the pipe 18 a liquid pipe 21, which may besmaller, passes out of the condenser tank into a sensitive doublyactuated expansion valve E, as will be described. The expansion coil Kleads from the other side of this valve. In practice the length of thecoil between the valve E and the refrigerator is made as short aspracticable. In the pipe 21 just outside the con denser tank is placed astop valve 22. From just beyond the valve 22 and between it and thevalve E a branch pipe leads into the outer air, in which is placed avacuum valve 23. a

From a source of cold water supply a pipe 21 leads into a T from whichlead branch pipes 25 and 26 provided with hand valves 27 and 28respectively on each side of the T. The pipe 25 is provided with a checkvalve 29 just beyond the valve 27, for preventing a back flow, and leadsinto the valve CW, as will be described. At the lowest part of the pipe25 is placed a condenser drain valve 30 leading to the waste. From theother side of the valve CW a short pipe 31 leads to the bottom of thecondenser tank; and from the closed top of the tank a pipe 32- leads tothe bottom of the tank of the rectifier 10. From the top of this lattertank on the opposite side leads a pipe 33 to the waste. The pipe 26leads to an automatic still water valve SWV, as will be described. Fromthe oppo' site side of the valve STV a pipe 3 leads into the side of thestill S, say about two thirds up from the bottom, thence coilsdownwardly around the extremity of the coil K, passes out of the stillnear the bottom, and finally connects into the pipe A hand controllingvalve 35 is placed in the pipe 3% between the still and the pipe 33. Thevalve 35 is utilized for limiting the amount of water that may flowthrough the pipe 34 when the valve, to be described, at the inlet end ofthe pipe is opened.

A feed wire 36 from a source of electric power,.as a generator not shownat a central power station, passes through a point 37, a resistance 38,a point 39 and a point 40, to a point 41 and beyond. A return wire 42passes from a binding screw to be described through points 43 and M andthence to the source of power. A hand switch 45 is operated to make andbreak connections in the wires 36 and 42 between the generator and thepoints 37 and 44. Fromthe point 37 a main branch wire 46 leads to oneend of the resistance wires 2. From the other end of these wires a wire47 leads to the binding post of an upper contact bracket 48 insulatedfrom the frame 4-9 of a main electric switch A. From the binding post ofa lower contact bracket 50, also insulated from the frame L9, a wire 51leads to the point 43.

Placed in any convenient place in the refrigerator R, from which it isdesired that the local temperature shall exercise control over theoperation of the machine, is a thermostat Tr. having a binding post 52(see Figs. 7 and 10) connected with a low limit contact on the left,having a binding post 53 connected with a high limit contact on theright, and having a common central binding screw 54, all of which areinsulated from the fran'ie of the thermostat. From the point 41 a wireleads through a main solenoid 56, secured to the frame 49, to a point57. From the-point 57 a wire 58 leads to the binding post The wire 42leads from the binding screw 54. From the point 40 a wire 59 leadsthrough a point 0 and an electro-magnet 61, secured to the frame of thevalve E, to the point 57.

venient vertical surface.

From the point 39 a wire 62 leads to a point 63. From the point 63 awire 64 leads through an electro-magnet 65, secured to the frame 49, toa point 66. From the point 63 a wire (37 leads through a solenoid 68 ofan automatic circuit breaker B to the point 66. From the point 66' awire 69 leads to an insulated journa bracket 70 (see Figs. 13 and let)secured to the circuit breaker B above the solenoid 68. From acorresponding insulated journal bracket 71 in like manner secured to thecircuit breaker a wire 72 leads to a binding post 73 (see Fig. 20) atthe right lower part of an adjustable thermometer thermostat Ts. From abinding post 74 at the left lower part of the same thermostat a wire 75leads to the point 44.

From the point 60 a wire 7 6 leads through an electro-magnet 77, securedto the frame of the valve E, to a point 78. From the point 41 a wire 79leads through a solenoid 80, secured to the frame 49, to the point 78.From the point 78 a wire 81 leads to the binding post 53.

In the valve STV a short cylindrical casing 82 is bolted to the bottomof the frame &9 and has opposed threaded ports into which the pipes 26and 3-]: respectively are screwed. An ordinary valve plug 83 with astraightway passage as indicated by dotted lines in Fig. 2 occupies thecasing and is inclosed by a face plate 8%. through which the shaftof theplug extends. To the outer end of the plug 83 is keyed a pinion 85. Viththe pinion and adjacent parts above in the positions shown in Figs. 1and 2 there is a free passage through the valve between the pipes 26 and34.

In the switch A the frame 49 is constructed so that it can be bolted toany con- The solenoid 56 extends horizontally and is secured at itsopposite ends to brackets extending frontward from the frame 49 over thevalve SlV. Its core 86 is of the usual soft iron construction. Fittedinto its right end as seen in Fig. 2 is the turned extremity of asquared T piece 87, made of some non-magnetic metal such as brass andhaving a depending arm. The depending arm in the position shown in Fig.2 abuts against the right bracket supporting the solenoid, being at thatplace a perforated boss for that purpose, so as to prevent the core frombeing thrust too far to the left when the solenoid is not energizcd. Theouter horizontal end of the T piece 87 passes through and is guided bythe central part of a sub-frame 88. secured to the frame 49 and to theinside of the aws of which, projecting to the right, the insulatedbrackets 48 and 50 are attached. The upper side of the horizontal arm ofthe T piece 87 has a nose 89 with its vertical face toward the left. Ahorizontal rod 90 has its left end supported in the right bracketsupporting the solenoid 56 and its right end supported in the sub-frame49 below the aperture through which passes the horizontal arm of the Tpiece 87; and it also passes through an opening in the depending arm ofthe '1' piece, thereby assisting in its guidance. 31. coiled spring 91enspirals the rod 90 and abuts at one end against the sub-frame -19 andat its other end against the depending arm of the T piece, therebytending to thrust the T piece 87 and the solenoid S0 to the extreme leftso far as the depemling arm will permit. Screwed to the end of thehorizontal arm of the T piece 81' to the right of its passage throughthe subfralne =10 is the yoke of an insulated double pole switch 02 oflaminated copper.

The brackets 18 and are of cylindrical shape with inclosed ends. Throughthe inclosed ends of the bracket 18 reciprocates a rod 03 having withinthe cylinder a collar 01 and outside of it to the left a contact head 95adapted to make contact with the upper pole tace of the switch 02. itcoiled spring enspirals the rod 03 and abuts at one end against theinside of the right end of the bracket and at its other end against thecollar 91, thereby tending to thrust the head to the left. Similarly arod 97 re ciprocates through the inclosed ends of the bracket 50, havingwithin the cylinder a collar 93 and outside of it to the left a contacthead 99 adapted to make contact with the lower pole face of the switch02. It coiled spring 100 enspirals the rod 07 and abuts at one endagainst the inside of the right end of the bracket and at its other endagainst the collar 08, thereby tending to thrust the head 09 to theleft. livoted at 101 to the frame 10 is a dog 102 having an armature onits upper surface. This armature is locatedimmediately under theelectro-magnet 135. The dog is so located that when the l piece ST isthrust to the right it normally engz'iges the nose F41) so as to keepthe switch 02 in contact with the heads 95 and 99; but when its armatureis lifted, the dog permits the T piece 8? to pass to its extreme leftposition as shown in Fig. 2.

It squared horizontal rack 103 passes through and is guided by theextreme lower ends of be projecting brackets on the frame 40. whi issupport the solenoid 50, so as to be parallel with the solenoid. Theteeth of the rack on its under Sill. also engage the pinion 85. Theright end of the rack turns upward into a detent 10-1 adapted to beengaged by the right side of the depending arm of the '1" piece 87 whenthe latter is thrust to the right. The ellect of such an engagement isto pull the rack 103 to the right and to rotao the pinion 85 so as toclose the valve Sli Projecting above the rack 103 is a lug 105perforated for the reciprocation or a horizontal rod 106 supported atits right end in the right bracket supporting the rack and held in placeat its left end by a nut 10? to the left of the lug. A strong coiledspring 108 enspirals the rod 100 between its right support and the lug105. thereby tending to thrust'the rack 103 to the left and thus to openthe Valve SW through the pinion 85. The nut 101' in its travel to theleft abuts against the right side of the left bracket supporting the'ack 103 and thereby holds the valve SlV in an exactly open position.The extreme left end of the rack is also supported and guided by itspassage through a bracket 100 depending from the left lower part of theframe +19.

The solenoid S0 is "vertical. Secured to the lower end of its core 110is a rod 111 passing through brackets 112 and 113 secured to the t'rame-19. Secured to the rod 111 just above the lower bracket 113 is a collar11%. A coiled spring 11:") enspirals the rod 111 and abuts at its topagainst the under side of the'bracket 112 and at its bottom against theupper side of the collar 11%. The parts are so constructed that when therack 103 is thrust to the right the spring 115, acting on the collar111, tends to thrust the rod 111 downward so that it will drop to theleft of the left end of the rack and thereby will hold the rackpractically in its extreme right position, notwithstanding any force thespring 108 may exert. llut when the rod 111 is lifted even for aninstant the spring 108 is free to act; and when the spring does so act,while the rod is lifted, the rod on dropping will rest on the rack asshown in Fig. 2.

While for the refrigerator R any kind of thermostat may be employed thatcloses one electric circuit at a predetermined high contact limit andcloses another electric circuit at a predetermined low contact limit,the two limits being a few degrees apart, the best results are obtainedby the use of the tbermosta t, Tr, or of one constructed on the samegeneral principle. 1n it a back frame 110, that can be screwed to anyvertical surface, having a t'rontwardly projecting base 117. supports inits upper part a front wardly projecting slotted post 118, extendingthrough the back frame and adjustably secured on the backside of theframe by the nut and washer 11!). Secured into the slot of the post 118by a screw 120 is the inner end of a coiled band 121, constructed of twometal strips of ditlerent coclllcients of expansion; such as soft steeland brass brazed together, the brass, being the more expansive, formingthe outside of the hand. To the outer end of the band 121 is secured adepending arm 122, more or less parallel with the rertical center of theframe 116, and having a striker 123 at its lower extremity.

